In 1962, scientist Joseph Altman challenged this belief when he saw evidence of neurogenesis (the birth of neurons) in a region of the adult rat brain called the hippocampus. However, scientists believed that once a neural circuit was in place, adding any new neurons would change the flow of information and break the brain’s communication system As children, we might grow some new neurons to help build the pathways-called neural circuits-that act as information highways between different areas of the brain. Until recently, most neuroscientists (scientists who study the brain) thought we were born with all the neurons we were ever going to have. Neurons are nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.
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